Threose

Threose^[1]
	d-Threose
	l-Threose
Names
	IUPAC names d-Threose; l-Threose
	Systematic IUPAC name (2S,3R)-2,3,4-Trihydroxybutanal (d); (2R,3S)-2,3,4-Trihydroxybutanal (l)
	Other names Threotetrose
Identifiers
CAS Number	95-43-2 (d) ; 95-44-3 (l) ;
3D model (JSmol)	(d): Interactive image; (l): Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:28587 ;
ChemSpider	388736 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.002.199
PubChem CID	439665 (d);
UNII	4EHO9A06LX (d) ; MHH79K1BVR (l) ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID101017421 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C4H8O4/c5-1-3(7)4(8)2-6/h1,3-4,6-8H,2H2/t3-,4-/m1/s1 Key: YTBSYETUWUMLBZ-QWWZWVQMSA-N ; InChI=1/C4H8O4/c5-1-3(7)4(8)2-6/h1,3-4,6-8H,2H2/t3-,4-/m1/s1 Key: YTBSYETUWUMLBZ-QWWZWVQMBY;
	SMILES (d): O=C[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO; (l): OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C4H8O4
Molar mass	120.104 g·mol−1
Appearance	Syrup
Solubility in water	Very soluble
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Threose is a four-carbon monosaccharide with molecular formula C₄H₈O₄. It has a terminal aldehyde group, rather than a ketone, in its linear chain and so is considered part of the aldose family of monosaccharides. The threose name can be used to refer to both the d- and l-stereoisomers and more generally to the racemic mixture (d/L-, equal parts D- and L-) as well as to the more generic threose structure (absolute stereochemistry unspecified).

The prefix "threo-" which derives from threose (and "erythro-" from a corresponding diastereomer erythrose) offer a useful way to describe general organic structures with adjacent chiral centers, where "the prefixes... designate the relative configuration of the centers".^[3] As is depicted in a Fischer projection of d-threose, the adjacent substituents will have a syn orientation in the isomer referred to as "threo", and are anti in the isomer referred to as "erythro".^[3]^[4]

Fischer projections depicting the two enantiomers of threose

References

^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 9317
^ "Carbohydrate Nomenclature".
^ ^a ^b Formulas Using Other Configurational Notations, W. Rausch, accessed 1 March 2011
^ Prof. Rausch helpfully notes that the prefixes "may be applied to racemic compounds, as well as pure enantiomers and meso compounds", and that when depicted in the common "zig-zag" representation, adjacent "substituents may lie on the same side of the carbon chain... [syn] or on opposite sides... [anti]", which is opposite of their depiction in a Fischer projection.

[1] Merck Index, 11th Edition, 9317

[2] "Carbohydrate Nomenclature".

[Rausch-3] Formulas Using Other Configurational Notations, W. Rausch, accessed 1 March 2011

[4] Prof. Rausch helpfully notes that the prefixes "may be applied to racemic compounds, as well as pure enantiomers and meso compounds", and that when depicted in the common "zig-zag" representation, adjacent "substituents may lie on the same side of the carbon chain... [syn] or on opposite sides... [anti]", which is opposite of their depiction in a Fischer projection.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

See also

References